Dark circles are a common issue caused by factors like stress, inadequate sleep, excess eye rubbing, and sun damage.

They can be categorized into pigmented (dark skin), vascular (prominent blood vessels), or structural (hollowness).

General measures include adequate sleep, avoiding smoking and excessive drinking, staying hydrated, protecting your eyes with sunglasses and SPF, reducing screen time, removing makeup nightly, and managing allergies.

Treatments include sun protection with topical creams, chemical peels, radiofrequency skin tightening, PDRN , skin boosters, undereye fillers, and lasers.